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The Russian LGBT propaganda law (also known in English-language media as the "gay propaganda law" or "anti-gay law"〔〔) refers to a Russian federal law "for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values". Unanimously approved by the State Duma on 11 June 2013 (with just one MP abstained—Ilya Ponomarev),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://en.ria.ru/society/20130611/181618460/Russian-Anti-Gay-Bill-Passes-With-Overwhelming-Majority.html )〕 the bill was signed into law by President Vladimir Putin on 30 June 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/30/russia-passes-anti-gay-law )〕 Motivated by a goal to protect children from being exposed to content that promotes homosexuality as being a norm in society—contradicting "traditional" family values, the statute amended the country's child protection law and the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, to make the distribution of "propaganda" among minors that is in support of "non-traditional sexual relationships", an offense punishable by fines. Businesses and organizations can also be forced to temporarily cease operations if convicted under the law, and foreigners may be arrested and detained for up to 15 days then deported, or fined up to 5,000 rubles and deported. Supported by a number of conservative groups and a majority of Russians surveyed, the passing of the law was met with criticism, primarily from western and other foreign critics. The statute was criticized for its broad and vague wording, which many critics characterized as being an effective ban on publicly promoting the rights and culture of the LGBT community due to the unclear definition of "among minors". The law was also criticized for leading to an increase and justification of homophobic violence,〔 while the implications of the laws in relation to the then-upcoming Winter Olympics being hosted by Sochi were also cause for concern, as the Olympic Charter contains language explicitly barring various forms of discrimination. However, some felt that critics had overreacted to the law, noting that, unlike some countries with stricter anti-LGBT legislation, it did not criminalize same-sex relationships, sexual activity, or being associated with pro-LGBT organizations. The reaction to the law was also classified as an example of anti-Russian sentiment. == Background == Despite the fact that the cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg have been well known for their thriving LGBT communities, there has been growing opposition towards gay rights among politicians since 2006.〔 The city of Moscow has actively refused to authorize gay pride parades, and former Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov supported the city's refusal to authorize the first two Moscow Pride events, describing them as "satanic" and blaming western groups for spreading "this kind of enlightenment" in the country.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6310883.stm )〕 Fair Russia member of parliament Alexander Chuev was also opposed to gay rights and attempted to introduce a similar "propaganda" law in 2007. In response, prominent LGBT rights activist and Moscow Pride founder Nikolay Alexeyev disclosed on the television talk show ''К барьеру!'' that Chuev had been publicly involved in same-sex relationships prior to his time in office.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2007/06/22/homophobic-politician-outed-on-national-tv/ )〕 In 2010, Russia was fined by the European Court of Human Rights under allegations by Alexeyev that cities were discriminating against gays by refusing to approve pride parades. Although claiming a risk of violence, the court interpreted the decisions as being in support of groups which oppose such demonstrations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11598590 )〕 In March 2012, a Russian judge blocked the establishment of a Pride House in Sochi for the 2014 Winter Olympics, ruling that it would "undermine the security of Russian society", and that it contradicted with public morality and policies "in the area of family motherhood and childhood protection."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/16259-judge-bans-winter-olympics-gay-pride-house )〕 In August 2012, Moscow upheld a ruling blocking Nikolay Alexeyev's request for permission to organize Moscow Pride for the next 100 years, citing the possibility of public disorder.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19293465 )〕 The bill "On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development" introduced laws which prohibited the distribution of "harmful" material among minors. This includes content which "may elicit fear, horror, or panic in children" among minors, pornography, along with materials which glorify violence, unlawful activities, substance abuse, or self-harm. An amendment to the law passed in 2012 instituted a mandatory content rating system for material distributed through an "information and telecommunication network" (covering television and the internet), and established a blacklist for censoring websites which contain child pornography or content glorifying drug abuse and suicide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/09/05/russia_awaits_verdict_on_a_new_tv_censorship_law_17961.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20096274 )〕〔 The 2013 amendment, which added "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships" as a class of harmful content under the law was, according to the Government of Russia, intended to protect children from being exposed to content that portrays homosexuality as being a "behavioural norm". Emphasis was placed upon a goal to protect "traditional" family values; bill author Yelena Mizulina (the chair of the Duma's Committee on Family, Women, and Children, who has been described by some as a "moral crusader"), argued that "traditional" relations between a man and a woman required special protection under Russian law.〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.article19.org/data/files/medialibrary/37129/13-06-27-russia-LA.pdf )〕 The amendment also expanded upon similar laws enacted by several Russian regions, including Ryazan, Arkhangelsk (who repealed its law shortly after the passing of the federal version), and Saint Petersburg.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/russian-region-repeals-gay-propaganda-law061113 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian LGBT propaganda law」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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